MIDI Tutorial This MIDI tutorial will help you to understand how you can use the MIDI language to control any device that uses the MIDI protocol. MIDI Tutorial Part 1 - MIDI Messages The MIDI language is used to transmit real time information for the playback of a piece of music. ' Real time' means that each message is sent exactly at the moment it must be interpreted by the target synthesizer (which can be a hardware synthesizer or software synthesizer). Various messages are defined to transmit the information needed to perform the playback of music.

The important point is that the MIDI language does not define the sound itself, but only the sequence of instructions to create the sound in the target synthesizer. The MIDI messages are sent as a time sequence of one or more bytes (8 bits).

The first byte is a STATUS byte, often followed by DATA byteswith additional parameters. A STATUS byte has bit 7 set to 1 and a DATA byte has bit 7 set to 0. The STATUS byte determines the type of the message. The number of DATA bytes that follow depend on the type of the message. Except for some system MIDI messages, the STATUS byte contains the MIDI channel number.

There are 16 possible MIDI channels, numbered from 0 to 15 in hexadecimal. In practice, musicians and software refer to the MIDI channels by counting them from 1 to 16, so that there is a difference of 1 when you program them in hexadecimal (channel '1' is coded '0', channel '10' is coded '9' and channel 16 is coded 'F'). In the same MIDI cable, up to 16 MIDI channels may be used to control up to 16 different instruments playing independently.

MIDI RUNNING STATUS While reading bytes coming from a MIDI message, you must know that the STATUS byte can in fact be omitted (except in the first message of that type). In such a case, you can receive a message that only has DATA bytes. The STATUS byte is then supposed to be the same as the last STATUS byte received.

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This is called MIDI RUNNING STATUS. It is useful for instance to optimize transmission when a long series of the same messages are sent. Restaurant Management Software In Vb Net Concatenate. An example would be a pitch bend or crescendo volume curve. You can also use this MIDI RUNNING STATUS when you generate MIDI messages, but you should care about how the target synthesizer or software will receive it, to be sure it is well interpreted. MIDI Tutorial Part 2 - NOTE Messages The main messages are the NOTE ON and NOTE OFF messages. The NOTE ON message is sent when the performer hits a key of the music keyboard.

It contains parameters to specify the pitch of the note as well as the velocity (intensity of the note when it is hit). When a synthesizer receives this message, it starts playing that note with the correct pitch and force level. When the NOTE OFF message is received, the corresponding note is switched off by the synthesizer. Every NOTE ON message requires its corresponding NOTE OFF message, otherwise the note will play forever. The only exception is for percussion instruments, where it can happen that only the NOTE ON is sent, as the percussion note stops by itself automatically. But it is better practice to send the NOTE OFF in every case, because you are not sure how it could be interpreted by the synthesize receiving it. How To Activate Terminal Server License 2008. The NOTE ON message is structured as follows: • Status byte: 1001 CCCC • Data byte 1: 0PPP PPPP • Data byte 2: 0VVV VVVV where.

The value is represented in half steps, so that C# will be 61, D will be 62. To transpose a note one octave higher, add 12 to its pitch value. By using MIDI, transposition is very simple as it is done simply by adding or subtracting a fixed value. Be cautious however about the range of MIDI notes that goes from 0 to 127. By adding for instance 4 octaves (+48) to a note of value 96, the total is 144, which is outside the range and may be truncated to 16 (144 - 128) so that a very low note will result. The velocity value normally goes from 1 to 127, covering the range from a practically inaudible note up to the maximum note level. It basically corresponds to the scale of nuances found in music notation, as follows (it is more indicative than exact values).

In basic synthesizers, the velocity value is used only to determine the force with which the note is played, the only effect being a note that is louder or softer in volume. In more sophisticated synthesizer, this value will also affect the sound quality. Indeed, on a real piano, hitting a note harder will not only affect its loudness but also the quality of the sound itself, the timber. This is practically the case with any real instrument. There is a special case if the velocity is set to zero. The NOTE ONmessage then has the same meaning as a NOTE OFF message, switching the note off.